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Start with the simplest causes

Disconnect unnecessary external drives and USB peripherals, then try one normal restart. Note the exact error message or stop code. If the failure followed a hardware change, undo that change before attempting more invasive repairs.

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Enter Windows Recovery Environment

Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) provides Troubleshoot and Advanced options, including Startup Repair. Microsoft's built-in repair tool can diagnose certain boot configuration or system-file problems. If BitLocker is enabled, have the recovery key ready before beginning.

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Choose repairs in order of impact

Try Startup Repair or an appropriate restore/uninstall-updates option before resetting the entire computer. Some recovery options retain personal files but remove installed apps or settings. Read the confirmation screen; 'Remove everything' means exactly that.

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Prepare for recovery or reinstall

A recovery USB can help if Windows will not load, but creating or using reinstall media may erase data depending on options. Back up personal files wherever possible, use official Microsoft installation sources, and avoid unknown 'repair' utilities that promise an instant fix.

Sources & further reading
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Information for general education. Check device specifications and manufacturer instructions before changing hardware.

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